ping 命令

時(shí)間：2023-01-30 21:20:02 | 來(lái)源：建站知識(shí)

時(shí)間：2023-01-30 21:20:02 來(lái)源：建站知識(shí)

ping 命令

最近，我從http://cnaaa.com上購(gòu)買了云服務(wù)器，開(kāi)通了centos系統(tǒng)。

Linux 系統(tǒng)的 ping 命令是常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令，它通常用來(lái)測(cè)試與目標(biāo)主機(jī)的連通性，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)說(shuō)“ping 一下某機(jī)器，看是不是開(kāi)著”、不能打開(kāi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)時(shí)會(huì)說(shuō)“你先 ping 網(wǎng)關(guān)地址 192.168.1.1 試試”。

它通過(guò)發(fā)送 ICMP ECHO_REQUEST 數(shù)據(jù)包到網(wǎng)絡(luò)主機(jī)（send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts），并顯示響應(yīng)情況，這樣我們就可以根據(jù)它輸出的信息來(lái)確定目標(biāo)主機(jī)是否可訪問(wèn)（但這不是絕對(duì)的）。

有些服務(wù)器為了防止通過(guò) ping 探測(cè)到，通過(guò)防火墻設(shè)置了禁止 ping 或者在內(nèi)核參數(shù)中禁止 ping，這樣就不能通過(guò) ping 確定該主機(jī)是否還處于開(kāi)啟狀態(tài)。

linux 下的 ping 和 windows 下的 ping 稍有區(qū)別，linux 下 ping 不會(huì)自動(dòng)終止，需要按 ctrl+c 終止或者用參數(shù)-c 指定要求完成的回應(yīng)次數(shù)。

1. 命令格式：

ping [參數(shù)] [主機(jī)名或 IP 地址]

2. 命令功能：

ping 命令用于：確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機(jī)的狀態(tài)；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問(wèn)題；測(cè)試、評(píng)估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行并連在網(wǎng)上，它就對(duì)回送信號(hào)進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。每個(gè)回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求包含一個(gè)網(wǎng)際協(xié)議（IP）和 ICMP 頭，后面緊跟一個(gè) tim 結(jié)構(gòu)，以及來(lái)填寫(xiě)這個(gè)信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求直到接收到中斷信號(hào)（Ctrl-C）。

ping 命令每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)并且為每個(gè)接收到的響應(yīng)打印一行輸出。ping 命令計(jì)算信號(hào)往返時(shí)間和（信息）包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，并且在完成之后顯示一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。ping 命令在程序超時(shí)或當(dāng)接收到 SIGINT 信號(hào)時(shí)結(jié)束。Host 參數(shù)或者是一個(gè)有效的主機(jī)名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。

3. 命令參數(shù)：

-d 使用 Socket 的 SO_DEBUG 功能。

-f 極限檢測(cè)。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器，看它的回應(yīng)。

-n 只輸出數(shù)值。

-q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最后的結(jié)果。

-r 忽略普通的 Routing Table，直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)上。通常是查看本機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問(wèn)題。

-R 記錄路由過(guò)程。

-v 詳細(xì)顯示指令的執(zhí)行過(guò)程。

-c 數(shù)目：在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止。

-i 秒數(shù)：設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器，預(yù)設(shè)值是一秒送一次。

-I 網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面：使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包。

-l 前置載入：設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前，先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。

-p 范本樣式：設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式。

-s 字節(jié)數(shù)：指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù)，預(yù)設(shè)值是 56，加上 8 字節(jié)的 ICMP 頭，一共是 64ICMP 數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)。

-t 存活數(shù)值：設(shè)置存活數(shù)值 TTL 的大小。

4. 使用實(shí)例：

實(shí)例 1：ping 的通的情況

命令：

ping 192.168.120.205輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms[root@localhost ~]#說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 2：ping 不通的情況

命令：

ping 192.168.120.202輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host UnreachableFrom 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host UnreachableFrom 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host UnreachableFrom 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host UnreachableFrom 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host UnreachableFrom 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms, pipe 4[root@localhost ~]#說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 3：ping 網(wǎng)關(guān)

命令：

ping -b 192.168.120.1輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# routeKernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth010.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 4：ping 指定次數(shù)

命令：

ping -c 10 192.168.120.206輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms[root@localhost ~]#說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 5：時(shí)間間隔和次數(shù)限制的 ping

命令：

ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms[root@localhost ~]#說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 6：通過(guò)域名 ping 公網(wǎng)上的站點(diǎn)

命令：

ping -c 5 www.58.com輸出：

peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.comPING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms--- www.58.com ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 mspeida-VirtualBox ~ #說(shuō)明：

實(shí)例 7：多參數(shù)使用

命令：

ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206輸出：

[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms[root@localhost ~]#說(shuō)明：

-i 3 發(fā)送周期為 3 秒 -s 設(shè)置發(fā)送包的大小為 1024 -t 設(shè)置 TTL 值為 255