時(shí)間：2023-06-26 14:27:01 | 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)
時(shí)間：2023-06-26 14:27:01 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)
VMware網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式的原理講解以及使用ssh工具按照橋接模式訪問(wèn)VMware中的虛擬機(jī)：感慨啊~真的是好久沒(méi)有接觸這個(gè)東西，然后又因?yàn)槲业挠?jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)也太不牢固了叭，居然老是忘記配置centos的子網(wǎng)掩碼和 網(wǎng)關(guān)，就用這篇文章好好的鞏固一下吧。對(duì)了，歡迎訪問(wèn)我的個(gè)人網(wǎng)站(CheverJohn's Website)哈！悉心聽(tīng)取各位的意見(jiàn)
看是解決不了問(wèn)題的，要實(shí)操！ 韶光易逝，勸君惜取少年時(shí)！ ——筆者(CheverJohn)瘋狂寄語(yǔ)hhhh
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1. Bridged 橋接模式2. NAT NAT模式3. Host-only就先這么叫著，我這邊介紹一種方法——Bridged 橋接模式（我認(rèn)為很簡(jiǎn)單的方法）。橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)是指本地物理網(wǎng)卡和虛擬網(wǎng)卡通過(guò)VMnet0虛擬交換機(jī)進(jìn)行橋接，物理網(wǎng)卡和虛擬網(wǎng)卡在拓?fù)鋱D上處于同等地位，那么物理網(wǎng)卡和虛擬網(wǎng)卡就相當(dāng)于處于同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段，虛擬交換機(jī)就相當(dāng)于一臺(tái)現(xiàn)實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的交換機(jī),所以?xún)蓚€(gè)網(wǎng)卡的IP地址也要設(shè)置為同一網(wǎng)段。具體的原理見(jiàn)下面的詳細(xì)講解
所以當(dāng)我們要在局域網(wǎng)使用虛擬機(jī)，對(duì)局域網(wǎng)其他pc提供服務(wù)時(shí)，例如提供ftp，提供ssh，提供http服務(wù)，那么就要選擇橋接模式。
例如大學(xué)宿舍里有一個(gè)路由器，宿舍里四個(gè)人連接這個(gè)路由器，路由器的wanip就不理會(huì)了，這個(gè)ip是動(dòng)態(tài)獲取的，而lanip默認(rèn)是192.168.1.1,子網(wǎng)掩碼是255.255.255.0。而其他四個(gè)人是自動(dòng)獲取ip，假設(shè)四個(gè)人的ip是:
A:192.168.1.100/255.255.255.0, B:192.168.1.101/255.255.255.0, C:192.168.1.102/255.255.255.0, D:192.168.1.103/255.255.255.0
那么虛擬機(jī)的ip可以設(shè)置的ip地址是192.168.1.2-192.168.1.99,192.168.1.104-192.168.1.254(網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址全0和全1的除外，再除去ABCD四個(gè)人的ip地址)
那么虛擬機(jī)的ip地址可以設(shè)置為192.168.1.98/255.255.255.0,設(shè)置了這個(gè)ip地址，ABCD這四個(gè)人就可以通過(guò)192.168.1.98訪問(wèn)虛擬機(jī)了，如果虛擬機(jī)需要上外網(wǎng)，那么還需要配置虛擬機(jī)的路由地址，就是192.168.1.1了，這樣，虛擬機(jī)就可以上外網(wǎng)了，但是，上網(wǎng)我們一般是通過(guò)域名去訪問(wèn)外網(wǎng)的，所以我們還需要為虛擬機(jī)配置一個(gè)dns服務(wù)器，我們可以簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)，把dns服務(wù)器地址配置為google的dns服務(wù)器:8.8.8.8,到此，虛擬機(jī)就可以上網(wǎng)了。
來(lái)源自鏈接
# centos7systemctl restart network192.168.2.228，然后我的虛擬機(jī)里的IP地址是192.168.2.233，前三個(gè)網(wǎng)段很明顯，我設(shè)置的靜態(tài)IP很明顯。When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a bridged network (VMnet0) is set up for you. Bridged networking connects a virtual machine to a network by using the network adapter on the host system. If the host system is on a network, bridged networking is often the easiest way to give the virtual machine access to that network.看到大段英文不要怕哈，要么勇敢地讀下去，要么直接轉(zhuǎn)去百度翻譯hhhh
With bridged networking, the virtual network adapter in the virtual machine connects to a physical network adapter in the host system. The host network adapter enables the virtual machine to connect to the LAN that the host system uses. Bridged networking works with both wired and wireless host network adapters.
Bridged networking configures the virtual machine as a unique identity on the network, separate from and unrelated to the host system. The virtual machine is a full participant in the network. It has access to other machines on the network, and other machines on the network can contact it as if it were a physical computer on the network.
You can view and change the settings for bridged networking on the host system, determine which network adapters to use for bridged networking, and map specific host network adapters to specific virtual switches.你也可以在主機(jī)系統(tǒng)上查看和更改橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)置，確定使用哪些網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器進(jìn)行橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并將特定的主機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器映射到特定的虛擬交換機(jī)。
A virtual machine must have its own identity on a bridged network. For example, on a TCPIP network, the virtual machine needs its own IP address. Your network administrator can tell you whether IP addresses are available for virtual machines and which networking settings to use in the guest operating system.虛擬機(jī)在橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)上必須有自己的標(biāo)識(shí)。例如，在TCPIP網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，虛擬機(jī)需要自己的IP地址。網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員可以告訴您虛擬機(jī)的IP地址是否可用，以及在客戶(hù)操作系統(tǒng)中使用哪些網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置。
When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a bridged network (VMnet0) is set up for you. If you install Workstation Pro on a host system that has multiple network adapters, you can configure multiple bridged networks.啊這這這這~總感覺(jué)這段是廢話，有種那種說(shuō)了半天還是廢話的感覺(jué)。。。
You can configure bridged networking for an existing virtual machine.[了解更多內(nèi)容]emmm，這個(gè)我該咋說(shuō)呢？字面意思啊，你可以為一個(gè)已存在的虛擬機(jī)配置橋接，自己個(gè)點(diǎn)了解更多內(nèi)容去看叭。
By default, VMnet0 is set to use auto-bridging mode and is configured to bridge to all active network adapters on the host system. You can use the virtual network editor to change VMnet0 to bridge to one specific host network adapter, or restrict the host network adapters that VMnet0 auto-bridges to. The changes you make affect all virtual machines that use bridged networking on the host system.[了解更多內(nèi)容]我們還可以改變VMnet0的設(shè)置哦，去和自己想要的宿主機(jī)網(wǎng)卡適配器進(jìn)行配置呢。詳情請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊上方鏈接噻。
When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a NAT network (VMnet8) is set up for you. When you use the New Virtual Machine wizard to create a typical virtual machine, the wizard configures the virtual machine to use the default NAT network.這邊開(kāi)始要出現(xiàn)“真東西”咯，虛擬出一個(gè)DHCP server。
With NAT, a virtual machine does not have its own IP address on the external network. Instead, a separate private network is set up on the host system. In the default configuration, virtual machines get an address on this private network from the virtual DHCP server.
The virtual machine and the host system share a single network identity that is not visible on the external network. NAT works by translating the IP addresses of virtual machines in the private network to the IP address of the host system. When a virtual machine sends a request to access a network resource, it appears to the network resource as if the request is coming from the host system.虛擬機(jī)和主機(jī)系統(tǒng)共享一個(gè)在外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)中不可見(jiàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識(shí)。NAT的工作原理是將私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的虛擬機(jī)的IP地址轉(zhuǎn)換為主機(jī)系統(tǒng)的IP地址。當(dāng)虛擬機(jī)發(fā)送訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的請(qǐng)求時(shí)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源會(huì)認(rèn)為這個(gè)請(qǐng)求來(lái)自主機(jī)系統(tǒng)。
The host system has a virtual network adapter on the NAT network. This adapter enables the host system and virtual machines to communicate with each other. The NAT device passes network data between one or more virtual machines and the external network, identifies incoming data packets intended for each virtual machine, and sends them to the correct destination.主機(jī)系統(tǒng)在NAT網(wǎng)絡(luò)中存在一個(gè)虛擬網(wǎng)卡。這個(gè)適配器使主機(jī)系統(tǒng)和虛擬機(jī)能夠相互通信。NAT設(shè)備負(fù)責(zé)在一臺(tái)或多臺(tái)虛擬機(jī)與外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間傳遞網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)，識(shí)別接收到每個(gè)虛擬機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)包，并將這些數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送到正確的目的地。
NAT is useful when the number of IP addresses is limited or the host system is connected to the network through a non-Ethernet adapter.[了解更多內(nèi)容]當(dāng)IP地址數(shù)量有限或主機(jī)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)非以太網(wǎng)適配器連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，NAT很有用
You can change the gateway IP address, configure port forwarding, and configure advanced networking settings for NAT networks. [了解更多內(nèi)容]您可以修改網(wǎng)關(guān)地址、配置端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、配置NAT網(wǎng)絡(luò)的高級(jí)組網(wǎng)設(shè)置。
If you are an advanced user, you can edit the NAT configuration file to modify NAT settings. [了解更多內(nèi)容]如果您是高級(jí)用戶(hù)，您可以通過(guò)編輯NAT配置文件來(lái)修改NAT設(shè)置。
If you use NAT networking in a Windows virtual machine running on a Windows host system, you can use NetLogon to log in to a Windows domain from the virtual machine and access file shares that the WINS server knows.[了解更多內(nèi)容]如果在Windows主機(jī)系統(tǒng)的Windows虛擬機(jī)上使用NAT組網(wǎng)，可以通過(guò)NetLogon在虛擬機(jī)上登錄Windows域，訪問(wèn)WINS服務(wù)器知道的文件共享。
If a virtual machine that uses NAT attempts to connect to a server that requires the client to use a source port below 1024, the NAT device must forward the request from a port below 1024. For security reasons, some servers accept connections only from source ports below 1024.[了解更多內(nèi)容]如果使用NAT的虛擬機(jī)嘗試連接服務(wù)器，而服務(wù)器要求客戶(hù)端使用1024以下的源端口，NAT設(shè)備必須轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)1024以下的源端口請(qǐng)求。出于安全原因，一些服務(wù)器只接受來(lái)自源端口小于1024的連接。
When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a host-only network (VMnet1) is set up for you. Host-only networking is useful if you need to set up an isolated virtual network. In a host-only network, the virtual machine and the host virtual network adapter are connected to a private Ethernet network. The network is completely contained within the host system.當(dāng)您在Windows或Linux主機(jī)系統(tǒng)上安裝Workstation Pro時(shí)，會(huì)為您設(shè)置一個(gè)僅供主機(jī)使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)(VMnet1)。如果您需要設(shè)置一個(gè)隔離的虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)，那么僅供主機(jī)使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)非常有用。在僅供主機(jī)使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，虛擬機(jī)和主機(jī)虛擬網(wǎng)卡連接到專(zhuān)用以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)完全包含在主機(jī)系統(tǒng)中。
The network connection between the virtual machine and the host system is provided by a virtual network adapter that is visible on the host operating system. The virtual DHCP server provides IP addresses on the host-only network.虛擬機(jī)和主機(jī)系統(tǒng)之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接是由主機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)上可見(jiàn)的虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器提供的。虛擬DHCP服務(wù)器在主機(jī)專(zhuān)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)中提供IP地址。
In the default configuration, a virtual machine in a host-only network cannot connect to the Internet. If you install the proper routing or proxy software on the host system, you can establish a connection between the host virtual network adapter and a physical network adapter on the host system to connect the virtual machine to a Token Ring or other non-Ethernet network.默認(rèn)情況下，主機(jī)專(zhuān)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的虛擬機(jī)不能連接到Internet。如果在主機(jī)系統(tǒng)上安裝了合適的路由或代理軟件，可以在主機(jī)虛擬網(wǎng)卡和主機(jī)系統(tǒng)的物理網(wǎng)卡之間建立連接，將虛擬機(jī)連接到令牌環(huán)或其他非以太網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
On a Windows host computer, you can use host-only networking in combination with the Internet Connection Sharing feature in Windows to allow a virtual machine to use the dial-up networking adapter or other connection to the Internet on the host system. See Microsoft documentation for information on configuring Internet Connection Sharing.在Windows主機(jī)計(jì)算機(jī)上，您可以結(jié)合使用Windows中的Internet連接共享特性，以允許虛擬機(jī)使用撥號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)適配器或其他連接到主機(jī)系統(tǒng)上的Internet。有關(guān)配置Internet連接共享的信息，請(qǐng)參閱Microsoft文檔。
When you install Workstation Pro on a Windows or Linux host system, a host-only network (VMnet1) is set up for you. You might want to configure multiple host-only networks to manage network traffic between virtual machines in specific ways. [了解更多內(nèi)容]配置多個(gè)Host-Only方式的虛擬機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)共通通訊。
You can configure host-only networking for an existing virtual machine. You can connect a virtual network adapter to the default host-only network (VMnet1) or to a custom host-only network. If a virtual machine has two virtual network adapters, you can connect it to two host-only networks. [了解更多內(nèi)容]默認(rèn)的或自定義的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。一個(gè)虛擬機(jī)還可以同時(shí)連接至兩個(gè)Host-Only模式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)呢。新增玩法，GET！
If you are setting up a complex test network that uses virtual machines, you might want to have two independent host-only networks with a router between them. [了解更多內(nèi)容]一種Host-Only的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
Each host-only network should be confined to the host system on which it is set up. Packets that virtual machines send on this network should not leak out to a physical network attached to the host system. Packet leakage can occur only if a machine actively forwards packets.[了解更多內(nèi)容]每個(gè)Host-Only網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)該被限制在它所建立的主機(jī)系統(tǒng)中。虛擬機(jī)在這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)包不應(yīng)該泄漏到連接到主機(jī)系統(tǒng)的物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。只有當(dāng)機(jī)器主動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包時(shí)，才會(huì)發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)包泄漏。
A host-only network has a network interface associated with it (vmnet1) that is marked up when the host operating system is booted. Routing server processes that operate on the host operating system automatically discover the host-only network and propagate information on how to reach the network, unless you explicitly configure them not to do so.[了解更多內(nèi)容]僅供主機(jī)使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)有一個(gè)與之關(guān)聯(lián)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口(vmnet1)，該接口在主機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)時(shí)被標(biāo)記出來(lái)。在主機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行的路由服務(wù)器進(jìn)程會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)主機(jī)專(zhuān)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并傳播關(guān)于如何到達(dá)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息，除非您顯式地將它們配置為不這樣做。
The virtual DHCP server in Workstation Pro cannot update a DNS server by using a Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS). For this reason, you should use DHCP to supply IP addresses as well as other information, such as the identity of a host running a name server and the nearest router or gateway. [了解更多內(nèi)容]“工作站專(zhuān)業(yè)版”中的虛擬DHCP服務(wù)器無(wú)法通過(guò)DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name Service)更新DNS服務(wù)器。由于這個(gè)原因，您應(yīng)該使用DHCP來(lái)提供IP地址以及其他信息，例如運(yùn)行名稱(chēng)服務(wù)器的主機(jī)的標(biāo)識(shí)以及最近的路由器或網(wǎng)關(guān)。
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