【零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)云計(jì)算】CentOS 7中構(gòu)建虛擬主機(jī)（實(shí)驗(yàn)篇）

時(shí)間：2023-06-26 11:21:01 | 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)

時(shí)間：2023-06-26 11:21:01 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營(yíng)

【零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)云計(jì)算】CentOS 7中構(gòu)建虛擬主機(jī)（實(shí)驗(yàn)篇）：虛擬Web主機(jī)

• 在同一臺(tái)物理服務(wù)器中運(yùn)行多個(gè)Web站點(diǎn)，其中每一個(gè)站點(diǎn)并不獨(dú)立占用一臺(tái)真正的計(jì)算機(jī)

httpd支持的虛擬主機(jī)類(lèi)型

• 基于域名的虛擬主機(jī)
• 基于IP地址的虛擬主機(jī)
• 基于端口的虛擬主機(jī)

搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)

基于域名的虛擬主機(jī)

[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind httpd -y //在服務(wù)器上安裝DNS與HTTP服務(wù)

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/ //進(jìn)入etc目錄

[root@localhost etc]# vim named.conf //進(jìn)入編輯DNS服務(wù)主配置文件

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

options {

listen-on port 53 { any; }; //將監(jiān)聽(tīng)I(yíng)P地址更改為any，監(jiān)聽(tīng)所有地址

listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";

secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";

allow-query { any; }; //主機(jī)名更改為any，允許所有主機(jī)通過(guò)解析

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost etc]# vim named.rfc1912.zones //進(jìn)入編輯區(qū)域配置文件

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

zone "kgc.com" IN { //更改域名

type master;

file "kgc.com.zone"; //更改數(shù)據(jù)文件名稱

allow-update { none; };

};




zone "aaa.com" IN { //更改域名

type master;

file "aaa.com.zone"; //更改數(shù)據(jù)文件名稱

allow-update { none; };

};

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

[root@localhost etc]# cd /var/named/ //進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件存放目錄

[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone //復(fù)制區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件模板

[root@localhost named]# vim kgc.com.zone //進(jìn)入編輯模板

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS @

A 127.0.0.1

www IN A 192.168.144.133 //刪掉最后一行，更改為此行

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost named]# cp -p kgc.com.zone aaa.com.zone //復(fù)制剛更改的數(shù)據(jù)文件，命名為aaa.com.zone，不需要更改內(nèi)容

[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named //啟動(dòng)DNS服務(wù)

[root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //關(guān)閉防火墻

[root@localhost named]# setenforce 0 //關(guān)閉增強(qiáng)性安全功能

[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/httpd/conf/ //進(jìn)入http服務(wù)配置文件目錄

[root@localhost conf]# mkdir extra //創(chuàng)建文件夾

[root@localhost conf]# ls //查看目錄

extra httpd.conf magic

[root@localhost extra]# vim vhost.conf //編輯子配置文件

<VirtualHost *:80>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/aaa/"

ServerName www.aaa.com

ErrorLog "logs/www.aaa.com.error_log"

CustomLog "logs/www.aaa.com.access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">

Require all granted //編輯虛擬主機(jī)配置條目

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>




<VirtualHost *:80>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc/"

ServerName www.kgc.com

ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log"

CustomLog "logs/www.kgc.com.access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

~

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost extra]# cd /var/www/html/ //進(jìn)入http服務(wù)網(wǎng)頁(yè)站點(diǎn)

[root@localhost html]# mkdir aaa kgc //創(chuàng)建目錄文件

[root@localhost html]# cd aaa/ //進(jìn)入目錄

[root@localhost aaa]# vim index.html //編輯默認(rèn)主頁(yè)

<h1>this is aaa web</h1> //編寫(xiě)內(nèi)容

~

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost aaa]# ls //查看目錄

index.html

[root@localhost aaa]# cd ../kgc/ //返回上一層并進(jìn)入kgc目錄

[root@localhost kgc]# vim index.html //編輯默認(rèn)網(wǎng)頁(yè)

<h1>this is kgc web</h1> //編輯內(nèi)容

~

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost kgc]# ls //查看目錄

index.html

[root@localhost kgc]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf //進(jìn)入編輯http服務(wù)主配置文件

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#

Listen 192.168.144.137:80 //打開(kāi)ipv4監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址，并更改為本機(jī)IP地址

#Listen 80 //關(guān)閉ipv6的監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

Include conf/extra/vhost.conf //在最后一行添加包含子配置文件目錄條目

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost kgc]# systemctl start httpd //開(kāi)啟http服務(wù)

[root@localhost kgc]# netstat -ntap | grep 80 //查看80端口是否開(kāi)啟

tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 2450/httpd

打開(kāi)一臺(tái)win10客戶機(jī)，更改DNS服務(wù)器地址，打開(kāi)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，測(cè)試基于不同域名構(gòu)建虛擬主機(jī)是否成功

基于端口建立虛擬主機(jī)

此處實(shí)驗(yàn)就直接在上面的實(shí)驗(yàn)中更改配置，不重新操作

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

<VirtualHost *:80>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc/"

ServerName www.kgc.com

ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc.com.error_log"

CustomLog "logs/www.kgc.com.access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>




<VirtualHost *:8080>

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/kgc02/"

ServerName www.kgc.com

ErrorLog "logs/www.kgc02.com.error_log"

CustomLog "logs/www.kgc02.com.access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html"> //復(fù)制上面的配置文件條目，并更改監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口為8080，并將站點(diǎn)目錄、日志文件名更改為kgc02

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost named]# cd /var/www/html/

[root@localhost html]# mkdir kgc02

[root@localhost html]# cd kgc02/

[root@localhost kgc02]# vim index.html

<h1>this is kgc02 web</h1>

~

:wq

[root@localhost kgc02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#

Listen 192.168.144.137:80

Listen 192.168.144.137:8080

#Listen 80

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

:wq

[root@localhost kgc02]# systemctl restart httpd

在win10客戶端驗(yàn)證基于端口的虛擬主機(jī)配置

基于IP地址建立虛擬主機(jī)

在這里先給Linux服務(wù)器虛擬機(jī)添加一張網(wǎng)卡，獲取另一個(gè)IP地址

在虛擬機(jī)中獲取IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig //查看網(wǎng)卡信息

ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 192.168.144.137 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.144.255

inet6 fe80::a85a:c203:e2e:3f3c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

inet6 fe80::ad78:663f:1f02:22e4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:72:65:cb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 14117 bytes 10290025 (9.8 MiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 6337 bytes 767788 (749.7 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0




ens36: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 192.168.144.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.144.255 //成功獲取IP地址

inet6 fe80::d65e:47b1:916d:de6c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:72:65:d5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 115 bytes 20495 (20.0 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 79 bytes 17837 (17.4 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/extra/vhost.conf //進(jìn)入編輯http服務(wù)子配置文件

<VirtualHost 192.168.144.137:80> //更改為固定IP地址

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/aaa/"

ServerName www.aaa.com

ErrorLog "logs/www.aaa.com.error_log"

CustomLog "logs/www.aaa.com.access_log" common

<Directory "/var/www/html">

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>




<VirtualHost 192.168.144.143:80> //復(fù)制上面配置條，更改IP地址

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/aaa02/" //更改站點(diǎn)文件

ServerName National Auto Auction Association //更改域名

ErrorLog "logs/www.aaa02.com.error_log" //更改錯(cuò)誤日志文件名

CustomLog "logs/www.aaa02.com.access_log" common //更改日志文件名

<Directory "/var/www/html">

Require all granted

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones //編輯DNS區(qū)域配置文件

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

zone "aaa.com" IN {

type master;

file "aaa.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};




zone "National Auto Auction Association" IN {

type master; //添加新的區(qū)域配置文件

file "naaa.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/ //進(jìn)入?yún)^(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件存放目錄

[root@localhost named]# cp -p aaa.com.zone naaa.com.zone //復(fù)制區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件

[root@localhost named]# vim naaa.com.zone //進(jìn)入編輯新的區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)文件

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS @

A 127.0.0.1

www IN A 192.168.144.143 //更改IP地址

~

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost named]# cd /var/www/html/ //進(jìn)入http服務(wù)站點(diǎn)

[root@localhost html]# mkdir aaa02 //創(chuàng)建新的站點(diǎn)目錄

[root@localhost html]# cd aaa02/ //進(jìn)入目錄

[root@localhost aaa02]# vim index.html //編輯默認(rèn)主頁(yè)文件

<h1>this is 143 aaa02 web</h1> //編輯網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost aaa02]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf //編輯http服務(wù)主配置文件

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#

Listen 192.168.144.137:80

Listen 192.168.144.143:80 //編輯監(jiān)聽(tīng)新的IP地址

#Listen 80

...//省略部分內(nèi)容...

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost aaa02]# systemctl restart httpd //重啟http服務(wù)

[root@localhost aaa02]# systemctl restart named //重啟DNS服務(wù)

在win10客戶機(jī)中驗(yàn)證基于IP地址建立的虛擬主機(jī)

配置成功

寫(xiě)在最后：

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