俄羅斯航天局提議在火星上建造核電站

時間：2023-07-08 14:15:01 | 來源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營

時間：2023-07-08 14:15:01 來源：網(wǎng)站運(yùn)營

俄羅斯航天局提議在火星上建造核電站：工程師們表示，該電廠可以使用“宙斯”號運(yùn)送到火星——“宙斯”號是一種俄羅斯核動力太空拖船，預(yù)計(jì)將于 2030 年開始飛行測試。

軍火庫設(shè)計(jì)局的專家們 - 俄羅斯 Roscosmos 航天局位于圣彼得堡的子公司，專門生產(chǎn)航天器、衛(wèi)星和其他空間技術(shù) - 提議為未來的俄羅斯火星基地建造一座核電站。

該提案建議使用為宙斯星際太空拖船開發(fā)的技術(shù)，用于火星表面固定核反應(yīng)堆。

根據(jù)軍火庫的提議，作為“宙斯”核動力拖船的一部分，向火星軌道運(yùn)送火星核電站，用降落傘降落到表面。著陸后，“啟動核動力裝置”并且進(jìn)行“火星基地供電”。

最重要的是，工程師說，如果宙斯被部署在太陽和火星之間的拉格朗日點(diǎn)(即這些天體的引力同樣強(qiáng)大的空間點(diǎn))，它所攜帶的通信傳感器和發(fā)射器可以充當(dāng)“從火星表面和繞火星運(yùn)行的航天器向地球傳輸信息的高速通道”。

早些時候，宙斯計(jì)劃提出的兆瓦級電力推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)將允許它使用電磁脈沖禁用敵方航天器的控制系統(tǒng)，甚至允許它發(fā)射激光束。

位于莫斯科的 Keldysh 研究中心的設(shè)計(jì)師還建議，這種航天器級可以用作俄羅斯防空網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個組成部分——從軌道上探測目標(biāo)并將此信息傳遞給地基導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)。

自 2010 年以來，俄羅斯一直致力于建造帶有核電站的行星際飛船。 2019 年，在莫斯科郊外的 MAKS 國際航空航天展上首次展示了太空拖船的概念，并在陸軍-2020論壇上給出了更詳細(xì)的介紹。

去年 12 月，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦航天局(Roscosmos) 與軍火庫設(shè)計(jì)局(Arsenal Design Bureau)簽署了一份價(jià)值 5650 萬美元的合同，用于宙斯的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)工作。這項(xiàng)工作預(yù)計(jì)將于 2024 年完成，飛行測試有望在 2030 年開始。

6 月，Roscosmos 負(fù)責(zé)人德米特里·羅戈津 (Dmitry Rogozin) 表示，除了火星，宙斯拖船還可以被送往包括金星在內(nèi)的其他行星，甚至可以飛越太陽系，在那里尋找外星生命。

Roscosmos 近年來宣布了一系列雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃，包括建造自 2001 年和平號脫離軌道以來的首個俄羅斯專用空間站，并計(jì)劃進(jìn)行一系列載人和無人登月任務(wù)，甚至可能建立一個月球基地. 然而，俄羅斯的太空計(jì)劃面臨兩個主要問題：缺乏足夠的資金來實(shí)現(xiàn)其一些雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目，以及資金和其他資源集中用于有爭議的目的——比如正在莫斯科傳奇的赫魯尼切夫(Khrunichev)太空火箭工廠旁邊建設(shè)一個25萬平方米的辦公中心。

盡管有很多太空第一(包括第一顆衛(wèi)星、第一個進(jìn)入太空的男人和女人、第一個空間站、第一次登月和火星著陸等)，但俄羅斯在 2020 年的太空計(jì)劃上只花費(fèi)了 35.8 億美元，僅比日本多 2.6 億美元，并且低于法國(40.4 億美元)、中國(88.5 億美元)和美國(476.9 億美元)。隨著中國航天局和美國宇航局展示他們的漫游車在火星表面漫游的最新圖像和鏡頭，這些和其他因素讓這個曾經(jīng)享有太空先驅(qū)地位的國家望而卻步。

原文閱讀：

Engineers say the power plant can be delivered to the Red Planet using the Zeus – a prospective Russian nuclear-powered space tug design expected to begin flight-testing in 2030.

Specialists from the Arsenal Design Bureau – a St. Petersburg-based subsidiary of Russia’s Roscosmos space agency specialising in the production of spacecraft, satellites, and other space technologies – have proposed the creation of a nuclear power plant for a future Russian Mars base.

Sputnik was able to familiarise itself with the proposal – which recommends using technologies developed for the Zeus interplanetary space tug for a stationary nuclear reactor for the Martian surface as well.

Under Arsenal’s proposal, the reactor would be delivered to Red Planet aboard the Zeus, and floated down to its surface using a parachute system. After landing, the power plant would be activated to provide energy to a prospective Russian martian base.

On top of that, engineers say that if the Zeus were to be deployed at the Lagrange point between the Sun and Mars (i.e. the point in space where gravitational forces of these bodies are equally strong), its onboard communications sensors and transmitters could serve as a “high-speed channel for the transmission of information to Earth from the surface of Mars and from spacecraft orbiting the planet.”

Earlier, Sputnik reported that the Zeus project’s proposed megawatt-class electric propulsion system would allow it to disable the control systems of adversarial spacecraft using an electromagnetic impulse, and even allow it to fire laser beams.

Designers at the Moscow-based Keldysh Research Centre have also suggested the spacecraft class can be used as a component in Russia’s air defence network – detecting targets from orbit and relaying this information to ground-based missile systems.

Russia has been working on the creation of an interplanetary spacecraft with a nuclear power plant since 2010. In 2019, a concept for the space tug was presented for the first time at the MAKS International Aviation and Space Show outside Moscow, with a more detailed presentation given at the ARMY-2020 forum.

Last December, Roscosmos signed a $56.5 million contract with the Arsenal Design Bureau for experimental design work for the Zeus. This work is expected to be completed by 2024, with flight testing hopefully starting in 2030.

In June, Roscosmos Chief Dmitry Rogozin said that in addition to Mars, Zeus tugs could be sent to other planets, including Venus, and even travel beyond our solar system, where they can search for alien life.

Roscosmos has announced a series of ambitious plans in recent years, including the construction of the first Russian-only space station since the deorbiting of Mir in 2001, and plans for a series of manned and unmanned missions to the Moon and even a possible Moon base. Russia’s space programme has faced two major problems, however: a lack of sufficient funding to realise some of its ambitious projects, and the concentration of funds and other resources for arguably questionable purposes – such as the ongoing construction of a 250,000 square metre office centre next to the legendary Khrunichev space rocket factory in Moscow.

Despite a long list of space firsts (including first satellite, first man and woman in space, first space station, first Moon and Mars landing, etc.) Russia spent just $3.58 billion on its space programme in 2020, just $260 million more than Japan, and less than France ($4.04 billion), China ($8.85 billion) and the United States ($47.69 billion). These and other factors have left the country which once enjoyed the status of a space pioneer looking on as China’s space agency and NASA show off the latest images and footage of their rovers roaming around on the Martian surface.