考試大綱考試大綱 R37 大宗商品衍生品a. 比較:大宗商品行業(yè)的特點
b. 比較:大宗商品部門從生產(chǎn)到交易或消費的生命周期
c. 對比:大宗商品的估值與股票" />

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CFA2級考點R37:大宗商品衍生品

時間:2023-03-12 11:22:01 | 來源:電子商務(wù)

時間:2023-03-12 11:22:01 來源:電子商務(wù)

復習提示

本章重點考察大宗的基本概念和經(jīng)典理論,涉及一些簡單計算。

考試大綱

考試大綱 R37 大宗商品衍生品
a. 比較:大宗商品行業(yè)的特點
b. 比較:大宗商品部門從生產(chǎn)到交易或消費的生命周期
c. 對比:大宗商品的估值與股票和債券的估值
d. 描述:大宗商品期貨市場的參與者類型
e. 分析:期貨溢價市場和現(xiàn)貨溢價市場的現(xiàn)貨價格和期貨價格之間的關(guān)系
f. 比較:大宗商品期貨收益理論
g. 描述、計算和解釋:完全抵押的商品期貨合約的總收益的組成部分
h. 對比:期貨溢價市場和現(xiàn)貨溢價市場的滾動回報率(roll return)
i. 描述:如何使用大宗商品互換來獲取或調(diào)整商品風險敞口
j. 描述:大宗商品指數(shù)的構(gòu)造如何影響指數(shù)回報

要點速覽

1. 大宗生命周期

? Q37-1 Falk tells the following:

Which of Falk’s statements regarding the characteristics of the grains and livestock markets is correct?

解析:選C。牲畜的生命周期因產(chǎn)品而異。谷物具有特定于地理區(qū)域的統(tǒng)一、明確的季節(jié)和生長周期。因此,兩種說法都是正確的。

2. 存儲理論

? Q37-2-1 Ya presents his research related to the energy sector, which has the following conclusions:

Spot PriceNear-Term Futures PriceLonger-Term Futures Price
77.5673.6473.59
Based on the Exhibit and Ya’s research on the energy sector, the shape of the futures price curve for Brent crude oil is most consistent with the:

解析:選B。關(guān)鍵在于第二條筆記強調(diào)了存儲。該市場處于現(xiàn)貨溢價狀態(tài)。大宗商品是實物資產(chǎn),而不是股票和債券等虛擬資產(chǎn)。有形資產(chǎn)需要儲存,而儲存會產(chǎn)生成本。根據(jù)存儲理論,在價值鏈上消費的商品允許及時交貨和使用,可以避免這些成本。Ya的研究得出的結(jié)論是,能源是實時消耗的,需要最小的存儲空間。在這種情況下,需求主導供應(yīng),當前價格高于期貨價格,現(xiàn)貨溢價。

? Q37-2-2 [Attention] Menlo Bank recently released a report on the coffee market. Brown shares the key conclusion from the report with Musicale: “The coffee market had a global harvest that was greater than expected. Despite the large harvest, coffee futures trading activity is balanced between producers and consumers. This balanced condition is not expected to change over the next year.”

MonthCoffee Price
July0.96
September0.9795
December1.0055
Based on the key conclusion from the Menlo Bank coffee market report, the shape of the coffee futures curve in Exhibit is most consistent with the:

解析:選B。易錯。存儲理論關(guān)注的是商品的庫存水平和供求狀況。定期儲存的商品在未來應(yīng)該有更高的價格,期貨溢價,以反映這些儲存成本。因為咖啡是一種需要儲存的商品,它未來較高的價格與儲存理論是一致的。

3. 總回報

? Q37-3-1 [Attention] Three months ago, she entered into a long position in natural gas futures at a futures price of $2.93 per million. The current price of the same contract is $2.99. The Exhibit presents additional data about the three-month futures position.

Near-Term Futures (Current Price)Farther-Term Futures
2.993.03
The futures position is fully collateralized earning a 3% rate. She decides to roll forward her current exposure in the natural gas position. The total return from the long position in natural gas futures is closest to:

解析:選A。價格回報 = (當前價格 ? 上期價格)/上期價格 = (2.99 ? 2.93)/2.93 = 2.05%,滾動回報 = [(近 ? 遠)/近] × 期貨合約中倉位被滾動的百分比 = [(2.99 ? 3.03)/2.99] × 100% = ?1.34%,抵押回報 = 年利率×期限長度作為一年的一部分 = 3% × 0.25 = 0.75%。因此總回報 = 2.05% ? 1.34% + 0.75% = 1.46%。

公式易錯點已經(jīng)標粗:

? Q37-3-2 Price movement is not the only source of returns. Participants in commodity futures markets are also able to account for an additional roll return in their investment activities, which vary depending on their natural positioning in the market. For example, our long-only QA Energy Commodities Fund, an airline hedging fuel costs and a crude oil producer would all use the same crude oil futures, but this would not necessarily result in the same roll return.

Crude OilHeating OilLumber
Spot40.671.16552.1
January future39.931.159573.3
March future39.931.156601.3
Who would most likely account for the lowest roll return until March?

解析:選C。原油生產(chǎn)商會做空期貨,以對沖未來價格下跌的風險。例如,價格下降會減少未來的銷售和收入。原油期貨存在現(xiàn)貨溢價,導致連續(xù)期貨合約以較低價格賣出,導致滾動收益率為負。A項,該航空公司將做多原油期貨,以對沖可能上漲的燃料成本。現(xiàn)貨溢價的期貨曲線將使其能夠以更低的價格購買連續(xù)的期貨合約,從而提高展期收益率。B項,能源商品基金將做多原油期貨?,F(xiàn)貨溢價的期貨曲線將使其能夠以更低的價格購買連續(xù)的期貨合約,從而提高滾動收益率。

4. 大宗商品指數(shù)

? Q37-4 [Attention] Index A includes contracts of commodities typically in contango, whereas Index B includes contracts of commodities typically in backwardation. Nabli asks how the two indexes perform relative to each other in a market that is trending upward.

The best response to Nabli’s question about the relative performance of the two indexes is that Index B is most likely to exhibit returns that are:

解析:選C。在一個呈上升趨勢的市場中,B指數(shù)可能比A指數(shù)有更高的表現(xiàn)。指數(shù)包含通常以現(xiàn)貨溢價交易的合約,可能會改善前瞻性表現(xiàn),因為這會產(chǎn)生正滾動回報。類似地,那些包含期貨溢價交易的合約的指數(shù)也可能因為同樣的原因(即負滾動回報)而損害業(yè)績。

5. 大宗商品互換

? Q37-5-1 [Attention] ... analyze the performance of a long position in an S&P GSCI total return swap having monthly resets and a notional amount of $25 million. On the June settlement date, the party that is long the S&P GSCI total return swap will

DateIndex
April2,542.35
May2,582.23
June2,525.21
解析:選A。(2,525.21 - 2,582.23) / 2,582.23 * 25 million = -0.55204222 million。即對于互換的多頭,支付額為(本期指數(shù) - 上期指數(shù))/ 上期指數(shù) × 本金,符號為正則為收到支付,符號為負則為付出支付。

? Q37-5-2 [Attention] Because of a substantial decline in drilling activity in the North Sea, Nabli believes the price of Brent crude oil will increase more than that of heavy crude oil. The actual price volatility of Brent crude oil has been lower than its expected volatility, and Nabli expects this trend to continue. Nabli also expects the level of the ICE Brent Index to increase from its current level. Nabli and Yamata discuss how to use swaps to take advantage of Nabli’s expectations. The possible positions are (1) a basis swap long on Brent crude oil and short on heavy crude oil, (2) a long volatility swap on Brent crude oil, and (3) a short position in an excess return swap that is based on a fixed level (i.e., the current level) of the ICE Brent Index.

Given Nabli’s expectations for crude oil, the most appropriate swap position is the:

解析:選A。Nabli預(yù)計,布倫特原油的價格漲幅將超過重質(zhì)原油,Nabli可以利用這一預(yù)測,進行基差互換,即做多布倫特原油和做空重質(zhì)原油。Nabli認為布倫特原油的價格波動率將低于預(yù)期波動率,他應(yīng)該在波動率互換中做空(而不是做多)頭寸。Nabli應(yīng)該在超額回報掉期中持有多倉(而不是空頭),以利用他對ICE布倫特指數(shù)上漲速度快于主要石油基準的預(yù)期。注意本題給出三個頭寸一一對應(yīng)前面的敘述,然后只有基差互換是可以賺錢的。

6. 溢價與日歷價差

? Q37-6 [Attention] They review Brent crude oil futures data:

Yamata should conclude that the:

解析:選B。A項,日歷價差 = 近 - 遠 = 73.64 - 73.59 = 0.05。B項,溢價看現(xiàn)貨價格和近期期貨價格的比較?,F(xiàn)貨價格 > 近期期貨價格,因此屬于現(xiàn)貨溢價。C項,基差 = 現(xiàn)貨價格 - 近期期貨價格 = 77.56 - 73.64 = 3.92。(已更正)

※ 課后題分析

我的答題卡:

* R37* 12345 67890 12345* 01-08: CCACC CBA [3C 5B 7A]* 09-15: BB BCCCA [√]* 16-22: BCCBB BC [20C 21A]

材料37-1

材料37-1,考察基礎(chǔ)概念。

現(xiàn)貨溢價期貨溢價
誰更大現(xiàn)貨價格期貨價格
期限結(jié)構(gòu)斜率為負斜率為正
日歷價差
滾動收益

材料37-2

材料37-2,考察基礎(chǔ)概念。

材料37-3

材料37-3,考察基礎(chǔ)概念。

(完)


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